Budidaya Lada
THE BEGINNINGPepper plants are hot plants that are widespread in Indonesia.
II. GROWTH CONDITIONS
2.1. the weather
- Precipitation 2000-3000 mm/year.
- Sufficient sunlight (10 hours a day).
- Air temperature 200C - 340C.
- Humidity 50% - 100% relative humidity and preferably 60% to 80% relative humidity.
- Protected from strong winds.
- Precipitation 2000-3000 mm/year.
- Sufficient sunlight (10 hours a day).
- Air temperature 200C - 340C.
- Humidity 50% - 100% relative humidity and preferably 60% to 80% relative humidity.
- Protected from strong winds.
2.2. Medium fit
- Fertile and rich in organic matter
- Not stagnant or too dry
- Soil pH 5.5-7.0
- Soil colors from red to yellow-red, such as podzolic, lateritic, latosol and utisol.
- The humus content of the soil at a depth of 1-2.5 m.
- Maximum slope/inclination of the floor � 300.
- Altitude of 300-1100 m above sea level.
- Fertile and rich in organic matter
- Not stagnant or too dry
- Soil pH 5.5-7.0
- Soil colors from red to yellow-red, such as podzolic, lateritic, latosol and utisol.
- The humus content of the soil at a depth of 1-2.5 m.
- Maximum slope/inclination of the floor � 300.
- Altitude of 300-1100 m above sea level.
iii TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GROWING
3.1. kids
- Guaranteed purity of the seed species
- Obtained from a healthy parent tree
- Without pests and diseases
- Obtained from a Main Production Orchard between 10 months and 3 years (Seeds required - 2000 plant seeds per hectare)
- Guaranteed purity of the seed species
- Obtained from a healthy parent tree
- Without pests and diseases
- Obtained from a Main Production Orchard between 10 months and 3 years (Seeds required - 2000 plant seeds per hectare)
3.2. Seed Media Treatment
a. Cut 1 and apply the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm.
b. Sprinkle agricultural lime and leave for 3-4 weeks.
Dose of agricultural lime:
- sand and sandy soil: soil pH from 3.5 to 4.5 = 0.6 t/ha; soil pH 4.5 k and 5.5 = 0.6 t/ha; Soil pH up to 6.5 = 0.9 t/ha.
- clay: soil pH 3.5 k and 4.5 = 0.6 t/ha; soil pH 4.5 k and 5.5 = 1.7 t/ha; Soil pH up to 6.5 = 0.9 t/ha.
- Dusty soil: soil pH 3.5 k and 4.5 = 0.6 t/ha; soil pH 4.5 k and 5.5 = 2.6 t/ha; Soil pH up to 6.5 = 3.2 t/ha.
- clay loam: soil pH 3.5 k and 4.5 = 0.6 t/ha; soil pH 4.5 k and 5.5 = 3.4 t/ha; Soil pH up to 6.5 = 4.2 t/ha.
in Hoe 2, break up and level the soil
a. Cut 1 and apply the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm.
b. Sprinkle agricultural lime and leave for 3-4 weeks.
Dose of agricultural lime:
- sand and sandy soil: soil pH from 3.5 to 4.5 = 0.6 t/ha; soil pH 4.5 k and 5.5 = 0.6 t/ha; Soil pH up to 6.5 = 0.9 t/ha.
- clay: soil pH 3.5 k and 4.5 = 0.6 t/ha; soil pH 4.5 k and 5.5 = 1.7 t/ha; Soil pH up to 6.5 = 0.9 t/ha.
- Dusty soil: soil pH 3.5 k and 4.5 = 0.6 t/ha; soil pH 4.5 k and 5.5 = 2.6 t/ha; Soil pH up to 6.5 = 3.2 t/ha.
- clay loam: soil pH 3.5 k and 4.5 = 0.6 t/ha; soil pH 4.5 k and 5.5 = 3.4 t/ha; Soil pH up to 6.5 = 4.2 t/ha.
in Hoe 2, break up and level the soil
3.3. landing technique
- Cultivation system - monoculture (level 2 x 2 m). But it can be planted with other plants.
- The landing hole is in the shape of a pyramid, with a size of 40cm x 35cm at the top, a size of 40cm x 15cm at the bottom and a depth of 50cm.
- Leave the planting hole for 10-15 days, after which the seeds will be planted.
- The quiet hours must be the rainy season or the transition from the dry season to the rainy season, 6.30 or 16.30-18.00.
- Expensive nozzle: the part covered with sticky roots faces down and the other side (not covered with sticky roots) faces up.
- Apply 0.75-100 g/plant of manure mixed with NATURAL GLIO.
- Cover the planting hole with excavated soil from above, mixed with basic fertilizer:
- NPK 20 grams / plant
- For less fertile soil, add 10 grams of urea, 7 grams of SP 36 and 5 grams of KCl for plants.
- Clear SUPERNASA immediately after closing:
- Option 1: 0.5 teaspoons/5 liters of water per plant.
- Alternative 2: The SUPER NASA bottle is diluted with 2 liters (2000 ml) of water to form a stock solution. Then, for every liter of water used to irrigate each tree, 20 ml of stock solution was added.
- The following SUPERNASA grants can be given every 3-4 months.
- Cultivation system - monoculture (level 2 x 2 m). But it can be planted with other plants.
- The landing hole is in the shape of a pyramid, with a size of 40cm x 35cm at the top, a size of 40cm x 15cm at the bottom and a depth of 50cm.
- Leave the planting hole for 10-15 days, after which the seeds will be planted.
- The quiet hours must be the rainy season or the transition from the dry season to the rainy season, 6.30 or 16.30-18.00.
- Expensive nozzle: the part covered with sticky roots faces down and the other side (not covered with sticky roots) faces up.
- Apply 0.75-100 g/plant of manure mixed with NATURAL GLIO.
- Cover the planting hole with excavated soil from above, mixed with basic fertilizer:
- NPK 20 grams / plant
- For less fertile soil, add 10 grams of urea, 7 grams of SP 36 and 5 grams of KCl for plants.
- Clear SUPERNASA immediately after closing:
- Option 1: 0.5 teaspoons/5 liters of water per plant.
- Alternative 2: The SUPER NASA bottle is diluted with 2 liters (2000 ml) of water to form a stock solution. Then, for every liter of water used to irrigate each tree, 20 ml of stock solution was added.
- The following SUPERNASA grants can be given every 3-4 months.
3.4. plant care
3.4.1. Connect scrolls to scale
Use the rope to climb the monkey bars. Tie and fold so it's easy to pull out when the vines grow tall and the attached roots are attached to the climbing pole.
3.4.1. Connect scrolls to scale
Use the rope to climb the monkey bars. Tie and fold so it's easy to pull out when the vines grow tall and the attached roots are attached to the climbing pole.
3.4.2. weeds and accumulation
Brush every 2-3 months. In Pembubuna it is done along with grass cutting.
Brush every 2-3 months. In Pembubuna it is done along with grass cutting.
3.4.4. the announcement
Fixed or cut as follows:
Non-productive stems, branches, shoots or those affected by pests and diseases.
Because shoots/stems do not have productive branches
Old stems to rejuvenate plants to grow young again.
Fixed or cut as follows:
Non-productive stems, branches, shoots or those affected by pests and diseases.
Because shoots/stems do not have productive branches
Old stems to rejuvenate plants to grow young again.
3.4.5. Subsequent fertilization
Add NASA POC (4-5 caps) or NASA POC (3-4 caps) + HORMONIC (1 cap) to the aquarium every 3-4 weeks.
Fertilizer macros are given as follows:
Add NASA POC (4-5 caps) or NASA POC (3-4 caps) + HORMONIC (1 cap) to the aquarium every 3-4 weeks.
Fertilizer macros are given as follows:
| the age (billion) | Macro fertilizer (grams/tree) | ||
| urea | PS36 | KCl | |
| 3-4 | 35 | fifteen | 20 |
| 4-5 | 35 | 20 | 25 |
| 5-6 | 35 | 25 | thirty |
| 6-17 | 35 | thirty | 35 |
3.4.6. irrigation and irrigation
Water once a day, in the evening, during the dry season. There can be no flooding during the rainy season.
Water once a day, in the evening, during the dry season. There can be no flooding during the rainy season.
3.4.7. mulch
At 3-5 months of age, provide natural mulch in the form of annual plants or reed leaves.
At 3-5 months of age, provide natural mulch in the form of annual plants or reed leaves.
3.4.8. Usage of Tajar (Adjira)
Better to use a sharp wooden board. The base of the tajar is tightened, and a process is made at the end, the length of which exceeds the height of the tajar to insert a pepper stick. Length 2.5-3m.
Better to use a sharp wooden board. The base of the tajar is tightened, and a process is made at the end, the length of which exceeds the height of the tajar to insert a pepper stick. Length 2.5-3m.
3.5. pests and diseases
3.5.1. plague
a. Hole Digger (Laphobaris piperis)
Characteristics: black, size 3-5 mm. Adult insects prefer to attack flowers, leaf buds and young branches. Another consequence is that caterpillar-like nymphs (young insects) grow on the stems and branches of plants. Control measures: cut branches; PISTON spraying.
a. Hole Digger (Laphobaris piperis)
Characteristics: black, size 3-5 mm. Adult insects prefer to attack flowers, leaf buds and young branches. Another consequence is that caterpillar-like nymphs (young insects) grow on the stems and branches of plants. Control measures: cut branches; PISTON spraying.
b. flower pests
Characteristics: adult insects are black, wings are reticulated, thick on the back, body length 4.5 mm, width 3 mm. Symptoms: Adults/nymphs attack flowers causing damage to flowers and failure of fertilization, life cycle is about one month. Control: You can also cut the flowers by spraying them with PESTONA.
Characteristics: adult insects are black, wings are reticulated, thick on the back, body length 4.5 mm, width 3 mm. Symptoms: Adults/nymphs attack flowers causing damage to flowers and failure of fertilization, life cycle is about one month. Control: You can also cut the flowers by spraying them with PESTONA.
in fruit pests
Characteristics: insects are brown-green, nymphs are invisible, translucent in color, molt four times. Adult insects or their nymphs attack the fetus, leaving the contents of the fetus empty. Eggs are usually laid on the surface of leaves or in fruit clusters and have a life cycle of about 6 months. Control measures: destroy the eggs on the surface of leaves, twigs and clusters of fruits. Use BAM.
Characteristics: insects are brown-green, nymphs are invisible, translucent in color, molt four times. Adult insects or their nymphs attack the fetus, leaving the contents of the fetus empty. Eggs are usually laid on the surface of leaves or in fruit clusters and have a life cycle of about 6 months. Control measures: destroy the eggs on the surface of leaves, twigs and clusters of fruits. Use BAM.
3.5.2. illness
a. Stem rot disease (BPP)
Pathogen: Phytopthora palmivora varpiris fungus. Symptoms: early attack is difficult to detect. The part that begins to affect the base of the stem has black-brown stripes under the bark. The leaves become flat (yellow). Prevention: Various pepper varieties resistant to BPB. Give Natural Gli before and after planting.
Pathogen: Phytopthora palmivora varpiris fungus. Symptoms: early attack is difficult to detect. The part that begins to affect the base of the stem has black-brown stripes under the bark. The leaves become flat (yellow). Prevention: Various pepper varieties resistant to BPB. Give Natural Gli before and after planting.
b. jaundice
Reason: failure to meet various agronomic conditions and infestation of the small worm Radhophalus similis (Nematoda), possibly related to other nematodes such as Heterodera sp, M incognita and Rotylenchus similis. Symptoms: damage to the roots of pepper plants, severe yellowing of pepper leaves, death of root hairs, rotting and blackening. The extent to which symptoms of yellowing of the leaves appear depends on the severity of the infestation and the fertility of the plant. Control measures: fertilization, lime, direct and balanced fertiliser, application of Glio Natural before and after planting.
Reason: failure to meet various agronomic conditions and infestation of the small worm Radhophalus similis (Nematoda), possibly related to other nematodes such as Heterodera sp, M incognita and Rotylenchus similis. Symptoms: damage to the roots of pepper plants, severe yellowing of pepper leaves, death of root hairs, rotting and blackening. The extent to which symptoms of yellowing of the leaves appear depends on the severity of the infestation and the fertility of the plant. Control measures: fertilization, lime, direct and balanced fertiliser, application of Glio Natural before and after planting.
note If you use natural pesticides to control pests and diseases, you cannot use recommended chemical pesticides. For more uniform chemical pesticide application and less rainwater washout, add AERO 810 grade glue, dosage + 5ml (1/2 cap)/can. The herbicide (weed control) spray can be mixed with AERO 810 Grader adhesive to make the dose + 5 ml (1/2 tin)/tank more efficient and effective.
3.6. the bread
3.6.1. Crop characteristics and age
The first harvest is three years or younger. Its characteristics: the stem turns slightly yellow and the ripe fruits (yellow or red) appear.
The first harvest is three years or younger. Its characteristics: the stem turns slightly yellow and the ripe fruits (yellow or red) appear.
3.6.2. expensive harvest
The fruits are cut from the bottom up, breaking the joints of the peduncles located on the branches of the branches.
The fruits are cut from the bottom up, breaking the joints of the peduncles located on the branches of the branches.
3.6.3. harvest time
The harvest period depends on the local climate, the variety of pepper planted and the intensity of care.
The harvest period depends on the local climate, the variety of pepper planted and the intensity of care.
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